Finite element examination of thin films

In the 1970s, the finite element method (FEM) was comprehensively applied in engineering and in orthopedic biomechanics to calculate stresses and deformation 

In simple terms, FEA takes the physical model that describes the problem and subdivides it into a suitable set of smaller elements of finite dimensions. Once these smaller finite elements combine, they form the mesh model of the investigated structure (Fig. 6.5). 

Each element can adopt a specific geometric shape. By combining the actual geometry of the element and its stmctural and material properties, we can establish equilibrium relations between the external forces acting on the element and the resulting displacements occurring at its comer points or nodes. These equations are most conveniently written in matrix form for use in a computer algorithm. 

Thin Film Coatings for Biomaterials and Biomedical Applications 

The predictive accuracy of FEA is influenced by a number of factors such as the geometric detail of the object to be modeled and analyzed, the applied boundary conditions, functional loading, and material properties. The assignment of proper material properties to an FEA model is a necessary step to ensure predictive accuracy. Stress and strain in a stmcture are derived based on the material properties. 

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