Finite difference time domain enhancement

Krug, J.T., E.J. Sanchez, and X.S. Xie. 2002. Design of near-field optical probes with optimal field enhancement by finite difference time domain electromagnetic simulation. 7. Chem. Phys. 116 10895-10901. 

Since enhanced electromagnetic fields in proximity to metal nanoparticles are the basis for the increased system absorption, various computational methods are available to predict the extent of the net system absorption and therefore potentially model the relative increase in singlet oxygen generation from photosensitizers. " In comparison to traditional Mie theory, more accurate computational methods, such as discrete dipole approximation (DDA/ or finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods, are often implemented to more accurately approximate field distributions for larger particles with quadruple plasmon resonances, plasmon frequencies of silver nanoparticles, or non-spherical nanoparticles in complex media or arrangements. ... 

Insight into the mechanism for the fluorescence enhancement from these arrays comes from comparison of the measured dependence on spatial period with that of the square of the local field. Guo et al. [24] carried out simulations of the latter using the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method, illustrated in Fig. 7.6. 

---