Film morphology, growth

Ultrasonic-assisted rinsing has been tested for the growth of ZnS thin films. The growth rate clearly increased, and the morphology of the films became smoother, whereas the grains became smaller. The band gap of the ZnS films was 3.67 eV.11... 

Fig. 7.27. SEM images of ZnO thin films on a-plane sapphire grown in 1 mbar oxygen. Both films show very high UV CL intensity, but very different film morphology due to different growth conditions [90]...

Figure 5.7. Growth orientation (film texture) and film morphology [84].

The three-step process for HOD films also was studied in Ref. [268], and a 4-pm thick film was synthesized after a 24-h growth. In Ref. [228], it was shown that the bias current in the BEN process was significantly higher for carburized specimen than that without carburization, as seen in Figure 11.10. Also, the carburization greatly improved the (100) film morphology and orientation. 

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