Filling degree covering

This statement is also underlined by Figure 5.6a, which demonstrates that the measured volume of the IL in micro- and mesopores (2-lOOnm, which is the experimental range of the BET analysis) equals the calculated values for a filling degree of less than 15%. For the calculation of the volume occupied by the IL in the micro- and mesopores, Eq. (5.3) can be used, which is based on the simpHfying assumption that the volume covered by the IL is given by the product of the initial surface area and the (constant) layer thickness of the IL ... 

For a low filling degree of a < 0.1, the fraction of the surface that remains bare without a covering by the IL (= 1 — a/0.1) has to be taken into account, and the rate should be given by... 

However, as chemisorption is in general limited to a monolayer, we very often choose the fraction of covering 0 (or filling degree) of the surface. At a given time, this is the ratio of the amount of adsorbed gas to the total amount to obtain the monolayer. At equilibriirm, that is, at the end of a theoretically infinite time, this ratio will be 6. ... 

The pour temperature will depend on equipment and rate and degree of cooling available on the filling line. With slow cooling rate, the cooling cycle must be done without covers to prevent condensation inside containers. 

Making use of relationship (19.37), these formulas may be easily generalized to cover the case of almost filled shells. Expression (20.13) is valid for any degree of occupation of the shells. If one shell, for example, the first one, is almost filled, then, according to (19.37)... 

A slit adjustable for both length and width is desirable, but improvisation with black tape can compensate for the absence of proper adjusting mechanisms. A slit width of about 1 mm is needed to provide enough light for the classic barrier-layer photocell, but as narrow a slit as possible should be used to minimize the degree of uneveness in the area covered. Toward the edges of the paper strip the protein (and therefore the dye) concentration of the zones decreases (variably because of different diffusion rates) to zero. The length of the slit should be such that only the central, protein-filled part of the paper strip is scanned (Fig. 

The steep tanks as a rule hold about 2,000 bushelB of com each. After they are filled with, shelled com, water at about 110 degrees F. and charged with sulphur dioxide as above mentioned, is added to each until the com is completely covered. The com is steeped at thiB temperature for about 40 hours. The temperature is kept constant throughout the different parts of the tank by circulating the sulphur water. 

To prepare slants, first mix any of the agar media formulas discussed earlier in this chapter. Fill test tubes one third of the way, plug with cotton and cover with aluminum foil or simply screw on the cap if the tubes are of this type. Sterilize in a pressure cooker for 30 minutes at 1 5 psi. Allow the cooker to return to atmospheric pressure and then take it into the sterile room before opening. Remove the slants, gently shake them to distribute the liquified media and lay them at a 15 30 degree angle to cool and solidify. 

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