Figures of depiction

This review suggests a perhaps deceptively simple maxim use spatial elements and relations naturally. Naturalness is found in natural correspondences, figures of depiction, physical analogs, and spatial metaphors, derived from extensive human experience with the concrete world. It is revealed in language and in gesture as well as in a long history of graphic inventions. 

Fig. 4. Atom manipulation by the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Once the STM tip has located the adsorbate atom, the tip is lowered such that the attractive interaction between the tip and the adsorbate is sufficient to keep the adsorbate "tethered" to the tip. The tip is then moved to the desired location on the surface and withdrawn, leaving the adsorbate atom bound to the surface at a new location. The figure schematically depicts the use of this process in the formation of a "quantum corral" of 48 Fe atoms arranged in a circle of about 14.3 nm diameter on a Cu(lll) surface at 4 K.

The large excess of water from the hydrolysis is removed in a series of multiple-effect evaporators (8), and the ethylene glycol is refined by vacuum distillation. Figure 3 depicts a typical process flow diagram. 

Vacuum Deposition. Vacuum deposition, sometimes called vacuum evaporation, is a PVD process in which the material is thermally vaporized from a source and reaches the substrate without coUision with gas molecules in the space between the source and substrate (1 3). The trajectory of the vaporized material is therefore line-of-sight. Typically, vacuum deposition takes place in the pressure range of 10 10 Pa (10 10 torr), depending on the level of contamination that can be tolerated in the resulting deposited film. Figure 3 depicts a simple vacuum deposition chamber using a resistively heated filament vaporization source. 

Figure 2 depicts the entire process of computer-aided engineering (CAE). A part of this process is the software for computer-aided engineering, which, as shown in Figure 1, consists of modeling systems, stand-alone programs, and Hbraries of utihties for engineering calculations. 

An off-lattice minimalist model that has been extensively studied is the 46-mer (3-barrel model, which has a native state characterized by a four-stranded (3-barrel. The first to introduce this model were Honeycutt and Thirumalai [38], who used a three-letter code to describe the residues. In this model monomers are labeled hydrophobic (H), hydrophilic (P), or neutral (N) and the sequence that was studied is (H)9(N)3(PH)4(N)3(H)9(N)3(PH)5P. That is, two strands are hydrophobic (residues 1-9 and 24-32) and the other two strands contain alternating H and P beads (residues 12-20 and 36-46). The four strands are connected by neutral three-residue bends. Figure 3 depicts the global minimum confonnation of the 46-mer (3-barrel model. This (3-barrel model was studied by several researchers [38-41], and additional off-lattice minimalist models of a-helical [42] and (3-sheet proteins [43] were also investigated. 

As an example of a nanotube representative of the diameters experimentally found in abundance, we have calculated the electronic structure of the [9,2] nanotube, which has a diameter of 0.8 nm. Figure 8 depicts the valance band structure for the [9,2] nanotube. This band structure was calculated using an unoptimized nanotube structure generated from a conformal mapping of the graphite sheet with a 0.144 nm bond distance. We used 72 evenly-spaced points in the one-... 

The connection of AA-size cells in parallel can replace larger cells (e.g., D-size cells). Four AA cells fit into a D-size can, and six AA-cells are in equivalent weight to a D-cell [27]. The utilization of the Mn02 cathode is considerably improved because the cathode thickness is only 2 mm in a AA cell, but 5 mm in a D-cell. The internal resistance is also lower by a factor of 4 to 6. Figure 11 depicts a 5 PxlO S bundle battery five AA cells in parallel = 1 bundle, 10 bundles in series make a (nominal) 12 V battery. It is used as the power source for a transmitter/receiver service. A typical load profile is 2 A for 1 min, 0.33 A for 9 min average load, 0.5 A per bundle or 0.1 A per cell service, about 15 h. Smaller bundle batteries (with 2x9 cells) are very suitable for notebook-computers 18 AA cells weight 0.36 kg, and the total initial capacity is 32 Wh. 

Figure 10 depicts the effect of temperature on higher heating value and on CH4, H2, and CO concentrations for four different starting compositions. The four starting compositions are ... 

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