Figure 3.4 Species sensitivity distributions using fish

FIGURE 3.3 Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for dichloroaniline (DCA) and nonylphenol (NP) using fish estimates from ECOSAR and ICE (Asfaw et al. 2004) using fathead minnow (fhm) as the surrogate species. Note SSDs not including ECOSAR values for fish, daphnids, and algae are noted as -fhm, whereas SSDs including these values are noted as -fhme. Source Asfaw et al. (2004). 

Figure 5.8 Interpretation of the concept of (acute) toxic pressure (multisubstance probably affected fraction of species (msPAF), based on species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) made from EC50s) using fish species census data from a large monitoring data set. The predicted msPAF (X-axis) is linearly associated to the observed impact of local mixtures on fish assemblages (species loss) in Ohio surface waters (approx. 700 sampling sites). (Study data from Posthuma and De Zwart [2006])...

Figure 9.5 Sensitivity distribution functions estimated from experimental (left curve) and QSAR data (right curve). Acute toxicity data for five fish species were used for the estimate resulting in almost identical distribution functions. Reproduced from Nendza, Volmer and Klein (1990) with kind permission from Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

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