Ferf-amyl alcohol

Figure 3.6 Initial rates of the reaction between Z-Gly-Gly-Phe and Phe-NH2 catalyzed by thermolysin in ferf-amyl alcohol containing various cosolvents [31].

H2O Water 100 CaHiaO ferf-Amyl alcohol 102 c7h. Toluene 110.7 —82 848... 

Fig. 4.30. Explanation for the particularly high Saytzeff selectivity of the El elimination from ferf-amyl alcohol and its derivatives.

An attractive alternative procedure for the preparation of 1-ethynylcyclohcxanol which gives yields of 80-90% employs the potassium salt of ferf.-amyl alcohol to effect the addition of acetylene to cyclohexanone. This condensation has been brought about by a suspension of sodium amide in ether 7.8.9.10.11 and by potassium hydroxide in ether. 1-Ethynylcylclohexanol has also been prepared by the action of acetylene on the sodium enolate of cyclohexanone. The procedure described here is essentially that of Campbell, Campbell, and Kby. ... 

FeCla H2O, 2 equiv pyridine-2,6-carboxylic acid (H2pydic), and 2 equiv pyrrolidine in ferf-amyl alcohol solvent, presumably forming a species like [Fe (pydic) (pyrrolidine) 1 or 2] as the catalyst. The absence of added acid in this system is useful for the formation of acid-sensitive epoxides. 

When cross-linked crystals of thermolysin were applied in peptide synthesis in ethyl acetate, they were stable for several hundred hours at amazingly low enzyme consumption, whereas a soluble enzyme preparation became inactive within a short period of time. Again it is worthwhile to consider the quality of the soluble enzyme preparation. When soluble thermolysin was stored in mixed aqueous-organic solutions, it lost about 50% of its activity within the first day of incubation only to be then quite stable for the next 15 days. It is possible that the initial inactivation was caused by an unstable fraction of thermolysin and that crystals of thermolysin no longer contained this unstable fraction [118]. Productivity comparable to that of crystals was achieved with thermolysin adsorbed on Amberlite XAD-7 resin which was employed in continuous plug flow reactors with ferf-amyl alcohol as solvent [119]. 

Allyl alcohol (propen-l-ol-3) chloride (3-chloropropene) isopropyl ether isothiocyanate n-propyl ether 4-Allylveratrole iso-Amyl acetate n-Amyl alcohol iso-Amyl alcohol sec-Amyl alcohol (2-pentanol) ferf-Amyl alcohol sec-Amylbenzene iso-Amyl benzoate... 

FIG. 12 Relationship between the relative remaining activity of thermolysins immobilized onto Amberlite XAD-7 [1,2], Amberlite XAD-8 [3], Amberlite XAD-5003 [4], and CPG-7.5 [5], and CPG-300 [6] and water content inside the immobilized enzyme after 5-h incubation at 70°C in ethyl acetate (open circles) and in ferf-amyl alcohol (closed circles). The figures in parentheses indicate the water content in the bulk organic solvent phase. (From Ref. 59.)... 

Chloro-3-methylbutane Isoamyl nitrite ferf-Amyl alcohol Isoamyl alcohol... 

Reactions which necessitate prolonged reaction times and cannot he forced by increasing the temp, are defined as lethargic reactions.—E Hydroxylamine hydrochloride and acetomesitylene added to a soln. of K in dry ferf-amyl alcohol, and stored 32 days at room temp, in a stoppered flask acetomesitylene oxime. Y 86-98%. F. e. s. D. E. Pearson and O. D. Keaton, J. Org. Ghem. 28, 1557 (1963). 

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