Faraday configuration

Figure 5. Photoluminescence spectra of ZnO N in the energy region of the 12/13 hnes at 4 2 K for different magnetic fields in Faraday configuration (case (a) B // k // c, E c) and Voigt configuration (case (c) B c, k // c, E L c), and for different angles between the c axis and the direction of the magnetic field B at 5 T (case (b)).

PTI spectra of P in silicon showing low-held Zeeman splitting in the Faraday configuration are displayed in Fig. 8.28. 

The magnetic field splits this state into a triplet with Mj = +1, 0, and — 1, whose energy levels Em depend on A and on the orbital and spin g factors < l and < s. The transition to the Mj = 0 state is a so-called n transition with E//B polarization, which can be observed only in the Voigt configuration while those to the Mj = 1 states are o transitions with ETB polarization, which are seen only in the Faraday configuration. The linear Zeeman term of a 3T2 state with a magnetic field B may be written as ... 

In the Faraday configuration (B k) the fourfold rotational symmetry around the cubic axis is preserved contrary to the previous situation. The lifting of the degeneracy is now directly due to the breaking of time-reversal invariance. The new eigenmodes are left- and right-handed circularly polarized, which are described by polarization vectors... 

There are four basic variations of the linear MHD channel (Fig. 5) which differ primarily in their method of electrical loading. The simplest is the two-terrninal Faraday or continuous electrode generator, Figure 5a, where a single pair of current-collecting electrodes spans the channel in the axial direction, short-circuiting the channel from end to end. Hence, for this configuration, = 0, andj can be obtained from equations 21 and 22 ... 

Fig. 5. Linear MHD generator configurations (a), two-terrninal Faraday or continuous electrode (b), segmented Faraday (c), diagonal connections and...

Segmented Faraday (Fig. 5) MHD generator configuration. The fuel is Illinois No. 6 coal. 

Table 1. Examples of collector configurations for U-series measurements using a multiple-Faraday array coupled to a single ion counter.

Table 1. Sample configuration of dynamic Hg isotope analysis in three sequences. Faraday cups are labeled L for low masses, H for high masses and Ax for the axial collector. The axial cup is the reference so its efficiency is assumed to be unity.

P.E.M. Siegbahn, Current Status of the Multiconfiguration-Configuration Interaction (MC-CI) Method as Applied to Molecules Containing Transition-metal Atoms, Faraday Symp. Chem. Soc. 19, 97 (1984). 

Sr). Over the past 30 years, lead and strontium isotope ratios have been measured with thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Elemental salts are deposited on a filament heated to produce ionized particles, which are then sent into a mass spectrometer where they are detected by multiple Faraday cups arrayed such that ions of several masses are collected simultaneously. TIMS is capable of high precision isotope discrimination, but the instruments tend to be large and expensive, and extensive sample preparation is required prior to sample introduction. Newer ICP-MS-based technologies like multi-collector ICP-MS (especially laser ablation) circumvent some of the sample preparation issues while exploiting the precision of simultaneous mass discrimination, but they are still limited by the number and configuration of ion collectors. 

N. Bohr 3 discussed the fitness of configurations of the electrons in various atoms for the formation of ions. N. V. Sidgwiek has extended Bohr s theory to the electronic structure of atoms in co-ordination compounds. The subject was also discussed by J. D. M. Smith, and others at the Faraday Society s discussion on The Electronic Theory of Valency. A. Job discussed the catalyzed reaction NH3+HC1—NH4CI on the assumption that an unstable electronic system is formed as an intermediate product. 

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