F Isopropanol

Two basic methods of production are in commercial use 11) jhsnrption of propylene in sulfuric acid to form alkyl hydrogen sulfate, followed by the hydrolysis of the estei and (2) by direct hydration with water, using a catalyst. An inherent disadvantage in the lirst process is the need lo handle sulfuric acid. Further, the first process yields liuic more ihan 7() f isopropanol as compared with the second process, in which liquid propylene is used as the charge stock. All direct-hydration processes can he represented by CiH + HO) — CiFLOH + heat. 

The amine (33) (10 mmol) is heated at 2I0°C (60-90 min) in a Kugelrohr apparatus in the presence of calcium chloride. The oily residue (34) which solidifies on cooling is reciystallizcd from the appropriate solvent as follows (R, solvent, m.p. listed) CHiPh, ethanol, 20()-201°C CH2C6Rj—p-F, isopropanol, 178 179°C (CH2)3C1, ethyl acetate-hexane. 118-120°C. Yields lie in the range 80-85%. 

A mixture of 5.0 g of 3-chloro-5-(3-chloropropyl)-10,11 -dihydro-5H-dibenz(b,f)azepine, 5.0 g of 4-carbamoyl-4-piperidinopiperidine and 50 mi of dimethylformamide is heated at 100°C for 10 hours. The solvent is distilled off. After the addition of a 2% sodium carbonate solution to the flask, the content is scratched to yield a semisolid, which is dissolved in 50 ml of isopropanol. A solution of 5 g of maleic acid in 50 ml of isopropanol is added, and the precipitate is collected by filtration and recrystallized from isopropanol to give 5.6 g of crystalline 3-chloro-5-[3-(4-carbamoyl-4-piperidino-piperidino)propy I] -10,1 l-dihydro-SH-dibenz-Ib.fjazepine dilhydrogen maleate) with 1/2 molecule of water of crystallization melting at 181°C to 183°C. 

The free base can be liberated from the hydrochloride by extracting a butanol solution of the hydrochloride several times with sodium bicarbonate solution. After recrystallization from isopropanol/ligroin, the yield of D-(-f)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane amounts to 33.0 g, corresponding to 90.1 % of theory relative to the D-form. Melting point = 152°C to 154°C. 

The free base d(-f)6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimida2o[2,1-bl thiazole Is dissolved in 112 ml of acetone and 178 ml of isopropanolic hydrogen chloride is added all at once. The hydrochloride crystallizes et once. After cooling to below 0°C, the salt is recovered by filtration and washed with acetone. The product weighs 75.2 g (0.312 mol), 91%, from the camphor-sulfonate, melting point 227 C to 227.5°C [alpM-H23.1°C (C = 15.H20). 

Eine Losung von 0,378 g (2 mMol) N-Isopropyl-phthalimid und 0,312 g (8 mMol) Natriumboranat in 50 ml Isopropanol und 10 m/ Wasser wird 18 Stdn. bei 25°geriihrt. Man versetzt mit 2 ml 6 n Salzsaurc, dampft ein, ver-diinnt mit Wasser und extrahiert mit Diathylathcr. Die Ather-Schicht wird mit verd. Ammoniak und Wasser ge-waschen, getrocknet und eingeengt, Mankristallisiert den Riickstand aus Dichlormcthan/Petrolather Ausbeute 0,3 g (78% d. Th.) F 111-113°. 

Auf diese Weise erhalt man aus N-Phenyl-phthalimid 2-Hydroxymethyl-benzoesaure-anilid (92% d.Th. F 1440)2. Beider Reduktion von Phthalimid in waBrigem Isopropanol wird Phthalid gebildet5 ... 

Zu einer eiskalten Losung von 0,029 g (0,76 mMol) Natriumboranat in 5 ml Wasser und 5 ml Isopropanol werden unter Riihren 0,1 g(0,6 mMol) 2,2-Dichlor-l,3-dioxo-cyclopentan gegeben. Man versetzt nach 20 Min. mit Wasser, extrahiert 3mal mit Diathylather, trockuet den Auszug, engt ein und kristallisiert den Riickstand aus Chloroform Ausbeute 0,075 g (75°/0 d.Th.) F 135,5°. 

Athvlaniin<>-pyridin-2-carbonsaure-anilid5 1 g (3,6 mMol) 4-Oxo-2-methyl-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-(pyri-do-[3,2-d]-pyrimidin) und 0,65 g (17 mMol) Natriumboranat werden in 20ml Isopropanol bei 20° 20 Stdn. ge-riihrt. Man verdiinnt mit Wasser, schiittelt mit Chloroform aus und kristallisiert den Riickstand aus Petrolather Ausbeute 0,71 g (72"/ d.Th.) F 65-66°. 

Estimation of adiabatic increase in the liquid temperature in circular micro-tubes with diameter ranging from 15 to 150 pm, under the experimental conditions reported by Judy et al. (2002), are presented in Table 3.7. The calculations were carried out for water, isopropanol and methanol flows, respectively, at initial temperature Tin = 298 K and v = 8.7 x 10" m /s, 2.5 x 10 m /s, 1.63 x 10 m /s, and Cp = 4,178 J/kgK, 2,606J/kgK, 2,531 J/kgK, respectively. The lower and higher values of AT/Tm correspond to limiting values of micro-channel length and Reynolds numbers. Table 3.7 shows adiabatic heating of liquid in micro-tubes can reach ten degrees the increase in mean fluid temperature (Tin -F Tout)/2 is about 9 °C, 121 °C, 38 °C for the water d = 20 pm), isopropanol d = 20 pm) and methanol d = 30 pm) flows, respectively. 

Estimate the cost of a 30,000 metric ton/yr isopropanol plant, based on the process given in Figure 9-5 in 1971. Use the method of Zevnik and Buchanan. The highest pressure is 4,260 psia and the maximum temperature is 554°F. It will be assumed that carbon steel can be used. 

Elkassabgi and Lienhard (1988) provided an extensive subcooled pool boiling CHF data set of 631 observations on cylindical electric resistance heaters ranging from 0.80 to 1.54 mm (0.03 to 0.06 in.) in diameter with four liquids (isopropanol, acetone, methanol, and Freon-113) at atmospheric pressure and up to 140°C (252°F) subcooling. They normalized <7 ritsub data by Sun and Lienhard s (1970) saturated q"Tix SL prediction in terms of B,... 

Fig. 8.3 UPLC analysis of Cupi/cMm-lyoplrilizEd pericarp carotenoids. Carotenoids detected by absorption at 454 nm, following separation on a waters acquity C18 1.8 xm HSS particle, 2.1 x 100 mm column resolved with 10% isopropanol (v/v) (a) and 100% acetonitrile (b). The solvent profile included two linear phases (0-3 min at 75% (b) 3-11 min from 95 to 100%) flow rate of 0.75 mL/min. (a) Standards (each at 100 ppm) capsorubin (1.7 min), capsanthin (2.08 min), antherxanthm (2.69 min), zeaxanthin (2.97 min), f -cryptoxanthin (4.86 min), and P-carotene (8.15 min), (b) Valencia pericarp extract, (c) NuMex Sunset pericarp extract...

The crude mixture was monitored by chiral stationary phase (CSP) HPLC (eluent hexane/isopropanol 95/5, 0.5mLmin, Chiralcel OD-H). After 2 h, (i/f,25)-l-phenyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalene oxide (80% ee) was obtained as the major enantiomer (fR=13.9 min) with 100% conversion (calculated using the internal standard) the minor 1S,2R) enantiomer eluting first (rR=10.1 min). 

A pressure glass vessel was charged with a cyclohexane solution of butadiene (60 g) and styrene (15 g) and treated with 11.7 ml of the step 1 product and the mixture polymerized at 50°C for 2.5 hours. The conversion was approximately 100%. Thereafter, 0.5 ml of 5% 2,6-di-f-butyl-p-cresol dissolved in isopropanol was added and the mixture precipitated in an isopropanol solution containing slight amounts of hydrochloric acid and BHT. The mixture was dried and the product isolated having an Mn of 1.74 x 105Da with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.02 and MLi+4 (100°C) of 22. 

HPLC solvent F (0.5% methanol, 0.5% isopropanol, 0.05% acetic acid) mix 5 ml of methanol, 5 ml isopropanol, and 0.5 ml of acetic acid and fill with water to 11. Degas with nitrogen. 

The P-cyanodiester 4 was prepared by condensation of isovaleraldehyde with diethyl malonate followed by the addihon of potassium cyanide. The cyanodiester 4 was hydrolyzed and decarboxylated to give the P-cyano acid 5. Reduction with Raney nickel gave racemic pregabalin (6), which was resolved with (S)-mandelic acid. The diastereomeric salt was split with wet TH F under neutral conditions to give pregabalin, which was recrystallized from isopropanol (IPA) to give the final Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). 

Mydler, T.T., Wassenuan, G.S., Watson, WA. Knapp, J.F. (1993) Two-week-old infant with isopropanol intoxication. Pediatr. emerg. Care, 9, 146-148... 

Fig. 26. Dependence of the volume fraction of isopropanol, Q, in the mixture with water (the mixture was extracted from the weakly charged PAA network) on the volume fraction of isopropanol, Q0, in surrounding solution. The content of SMA in the network is 1.83 mol %, BAA 0.21 mol%, 0 = 0.035, T = 25 °C. Reproduced from Ref. [31]...

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