Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing

Finally, there is a technique known as eye movement desensitization reprocessing or EMDR (Shapiro 1989, 1995). This technique is not described in detail here but it is mentioned because it contains cognitive and behavioural aspects, which include exposure to traumatic memories and identifying alternative cognitive appraisals of a memory. There are mixed views on the efficacy of EMDR (Poole et al. 1990 Richards 1999 Rosen et al 1999 Shapiro and Forrest 1997) and, at the present time, the jury is out as to whether or not it is an effective treatment for PTSD. 

---