Extended s-wave

These boson operators are related to those introduced in [20] as shown in Table 7. They transform under D4/, as the representation indicated by the appropriate letter. [An extended s-wave i can also be introduced.] One then constructs the Hamiltonian by expanding it into bilinear products of creation and annihilation operators, with the constraint that H must transform as the representation of... 

Figure 2. Plots at 0.9Tc of JcJ(o/j/(0) for the isotropic s-wave (left)and extended-s-wave (right) OP s, respectively. The lines marked oo indicate the incoherent limit the other labels are as in the right panel of Fig. 1.[6]...

Once the specimen turns to a superconducting state, the obtained superconductor-insulator-normal metal (SIN) spectrum probes the quasiparticle excitation in the superconductor, which directly reflects the symmetry of the order parameter A(k). If A(k) has simple s-wave symmetry, as is realized in conventional low-temperature superconductors, one expects a finite gap of A with overshooting peaks just outside the gap in N(E), as illustrated in fig. 6. Even if A(k) possesses anisotropic s-wave symmetry, a finite gap, corresponding to the minimum gap, appears. In dx2-yi superconductors with A(k) = coslkx - cos 2, in contrast, N(E) is gapless with linear N(E) for E A. It is noted that the extended-s wave A(x) = cos 2kx + cos 2ky is also characterized to possess a gapless feature with two singularities bX E = A and A2. 

It was difficult to interpret the latter type of spectrum in an s-wave framework, unless a rare case such as extended s-wave was assumed. In the meantime, many other observations made by different methods such as NMR, specific heat, phase-sensitive SQUID method, ARPES, etc., supported d-wave symmetry, and as a result, tunneling spectra of this kind were analyzed according to d-wave synunetry and are now regarded more positively as one category of evidence to support it. 

The tunneling spectra depicted in fig. 19 are quite different from those in Bi2212 single crystals. The gap structure is not consistent with an isotropic BCS s-wave state, and is different from the simple d-wave picture. The multi-peak structure resembles the spectrum expected for extended s-wave, except for the large zero-bias conductivity. 

Soon after first publication Schrodinger s wave-mechanical model was extended by Madelung [39] on the basis of the obvious correspondence with the classical theory of hydrodynamics, already pointed out in Schrodinger s original papers [34] (II,p.l7). Writing the time dependence of k in terms of an action function... 

Despite the success in parameterizing acid/base and many other properties for a range of different compounds, it is obvious that the simple electrostatic model used by Taft and extended by others [27, 28] have fundamental weaknesses - both with regards to the domain of validity and at a more fundamental level. The model is more intuitive than physical, in the sense that the inductive effect, polarisation effect, resonance effect, mesomeric effect and steric effect have no proper quantum mechanical definition, and can therefore not be derived directly from the system s wave function [29,30]. 

Over the past two decades this work has been significantly extended so that now it is widely accepted that Archaean subcontinental lithosphere is thicker, older, colder, more chemically depleted, less dense, and has higher seismic P- and S-wave velocities than its Phanerozoic counterpart. More recently it has been argued that Proterozoic lithosphere is intermediate in composition between Archaean and Phanerozoic (see Table 3.3 for a summary). 

On the basis of the extended VIERS wave spectral model presented above, it was attempted to calculate the radar backscatter along a transect through a slick on the sea surface. A slick of 50 m diameter of the same substance as used in the previous sections (oleic acid) was taken, and the radar backscatter was calculated along a 150 m section centred on the slick. A wind speed at 10 m height (t/10) of 5 m/s was used and the radar look direction was downwind. 

Solutions of Schrodinger s wave equation give the allowed energy levels and the corresponding wavefunctions. By analogy with the orbits of electrons in the classical planetary model (see Topic AT), wavefunctions for atoms are known as atomic orbitals. Exact solutions of Schrodinger s equation can be obtained only for one-electron atoms and ions, but the atomic orbitals that result from these solutions provide pictures of the behavior of electrons that can be extended to many-electron atoms and molecules (see Topics A3 and C4-C7). 

De Broglie extended Einstein s wave-particle description of light to all matter in motion. The wavelength of a moving particle of mass m and velocity v is given by the de Broglie equation A = h/mv. 

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