Expiration reflex

Baekey DM, Morris KF, Nuding SG, Segers LS, Lindsay BG, Shannon R (2004) Ventrolateral medullary respiratory network participation in the expiration reflex. J Appl Physiol 96 2057-2072... 

Tatar M, Webber SE, Widdicombe JG (1988) Lung C-fibre receptor activation and defensive reflexes in anaesthetized cats. J Physiol 402 411 20 Tatar M, Hanacek J, Widdicombe JG (2008) The expiration reflex from the trachea and bronchi. Eur Respir J 31 385-390... 

Tatar M, Hanacek J, Widdicombe JG (2008) The expiration reflex from the trachea and bronchi. Eur Respir J 31 385-390... 

Jakus J, Stransky A, Poliacek I, Barani H, Bosel ova L (1998) Effects of medullary midUne lesions on cough and other airway reflexes in anaesthetized cats. Physiol Res 47 203-213 Jakus J, Stransky A, Poliacek I, Barani H, Bosel ova L (2000) Kainic acid lesions to the lateral tegmental field of medulla Effects on cough, expiration and aspiration reflexes in anesthetized cats. Physiol Res 49 387-398... 

This is one of the last of the experimental compounds within the phenethylamine family on which any animal toxicity studies were performed by me prior to human studies. A mouse injected with 50 mg/Kg (ip) showed considerable twitching and was irritable. Another, at 100 mg/Kg (ip), had overt shaking at 20 minutes, which evolved into persistent hyperactivity that lasted several hours. Yet another, at 125 mg/Kg (ip), lost much of her righting reflex within 15 minutes, entered into convulsions at 50 minutes, and was dead a half hour later. A fourth mouse, at 150 mg/Kg (ip), entered into spontaneous convulsions within 10 minutes, and expired in what looked like an uncomfortable death at 22 minutes following injection. What was learned That the LD/50 was somewhere between 100 and 125 mg/Kg for the mouse. And an effective dose in man of maybe 2 mg (for an 80 Kg man) is equivalent to 25 ug/Kg. Therefore the index of safety (the therapeutic index, the lethal dose divided by the effective dose) is well over a thousand. I feel that two mice were killed without anything of value having been received in return. 

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