Experimental Techniques of Laser Raman Spectroscopy

The scattering cross sections in spontaneous Raman spectroscopy are very low, 

A great increase of sensitivity in linear Raman spectroscopy of liquids has been achieved with the optical fiber Raman spectroscopy. This technique 

14) optoelectronic array consisting of a luminescence diode and phototransistor [9.24] 

Just as in absorption spectroscopy, the sensitivity may be enhanced by difference laser Raman spectroscopy, where the pump laser passes alternately through a cell containing the sample molecules solved in some liquid and 

More details of recent techniques in laser Raman spectroscopy can be found in the review of KIEFER [9.24]. 

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