Experimental techniques dipole interactions

Many of the important chemical applications of ILs will occur at solid surfaces, including electrochemical processes at IL-electrode interfaces, lubrication of ILs, fabrication of IL solid electrolytes and IL solid catalysts, etc. When a solid interface is present, molecules near the interface are subject to diflferent interactions than in the bulk phase, and the free energy of a surface can often be reduced by local changes in molecular orientation, aggregation, density, or composition. Familiar examples include surface adsorption, wetting and the electrochemical double-layer structure, where dipole moments usually lie at the interface. The surfaces of ionic liquids at the solid surface show dramatic changes in local structure, which can be demonstrated using simulations and probed by a number of experimental techniques. Due to a wide variety of experimental, theoretical, and... 

As demonstrated by the presence of the X term, only paramagnetic molecules would be sensitive to this type of interaction involving the electron electric dipole moment. One of the most favorable molecules for experiments is thought to be YbF. Several calculations have been performed on YbF, and the agreement is reasonable. The calculations show that the value of this interaction, if it exists, is such that experiments with a sensitivity corresponding to an electron electric dipole moment of 10 e cm should be able to detect it. Such a sensitivity is reportedly within reach of present experimental techniques. 

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