Evaporative drying principles and practice

Depending on the processing method, the dried product can take the physical form of an opaque or transparent film, adhering to the containing vessel, or a fine powder. Just as for freeze-dried products, the stability under given storage conditions depends critically on the shape of the Tg/composition profile and on T, and the product is vulnerable to the same sudden, unpredictable and irreversible changes, if excursions 

Contrary to conventional wisdom, the employment of ambient or elevated processing temperatures to remove water does not necessarily inactivate bioproducts, provided that care is taken in the design of appropriate formulations. The method has been successfully applied to the ambient temperature stabilisation of a wide range of formulated protein preparations. 

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