Error back-propagation artificial neural

Error Back-propagation Artificial Neural Networks... 

ANN = artificial neural networks CP ANN = counterpropagation artificial neural networks EBP ANN = error-back-propagation artificial neural network XOR = exclusive-or logical operation. 

Figure 6.5 Simplified view of the process by which the prediction error of an artificial neural network is back-propagated from the output to the input layers. See text for more details.

Sun et al. [74] employed a 3-layer artificial neural network model with a back-propagation error algorithm to classify wine samples in 6 different regions based on the measurements of trace amounts of B, V, Mn, Zn, Fe, Al, Cu, Sr, Ba, Rb, Na, P, Ca, Mg and K by ICP-OES. Similarly,... 

One of the early problems with multilayer perceptrons was that it was not clear how to train them. The perception training rule doesn t apply directly to networks with hidden layers. Fortunately, Rumelhart and others (Rumelhart et al 1986) devised an intuitive method that quickly became adopted and revolutionized the field of artificial neural networks. The method is called back-propagation because it computes the error term as described above and propagates the error backward through the network so that weights to and from hidden units can be modified in a fashion similar to the delta rule for perceptions. 

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