Equilibrium The Extent of Chemical Reactions

Balancing To and Fro As you ll learn in this chapter, the continuai back and forth flow of students going to class mimics the forward and reverse steps of a chemical reaction in a state of dynamic equilibrium. 

If the initial concentration of reactant is large relative to the change in concentration to reach equilibrium, we can make the simplifying assumption that the change can be neglected in performing calculations. 

If a system at equilibrium is disturbed by a change in conditions (concentration, pressure, or temperature), it will temporarily be out of equilibrium. However, it will then undergo a net reaction to reach equilibrium again (Le Chatelier s principle). A change in concentration or pressure does not affect K, but a change in temperature does. 

3 Expressing Equilibria with Pressure Terms Relation Between and 

Using Quantities to Determine K Using K to Determine Quantities Determining Reaction Direction 

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