Equilibrium state of reactants and products

The chemical potentials in this equation refer to reactants at their original state before reaction and products at their final state after completion of the reaction. Therefore, the Gibbs function compares the two equilibrium states of reactants and products in between these states, the reaction may proceed at constant T and V in a steady or unsteady state. 

Proton Catalysis and Proton Induction. The term catalysis is used loosely by the chemists who study multimer dissociation to describe any proton-assisted dissociation, even in cases where it is inappropriate. Understanding a distinction between catalysis by and induction (see 36, p. 20-16) by adsorbed protons is important for mineral dissolution since the concentration of stable adsorbates is used to interpret the rate order (e.g., 8). For catalysis (see 37) (i) the catalyst must be involved in the reaction in an actual molecular configuration that increases the rate by lowering the activation energy and (ii) the catalyst must be recycled and not consumed in the reaction. A catalyst cannot affect the equilibrium state of reactants and products and it must not appear in the overall reaction stoichiometry. 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ , , , ]

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