Equilibrium models of natural waters

Having derived a set of equations describing the equilibrium state of a multicomponent system and devised a scheme for solving them, we can begin to model the chemistries of natural waters. In this chapter we construct four models, each posing special challenges, and look in detail at the meaning of the calculation results. 

In each case, we use program spece8 or react and employ an extended form of the Debye-Hiickel equation for calculating species activity coefficients, as discussed in Chapter 8. In running the programs, you work interactively following the general procedure  

In this book, input scripts for running the various programs are set in a typewriter typeface. Unless a script is marked as a continuation of the previous script, you should start the program anew or type reset to clear your previous configuration. 

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