Equations, mathematical dissociation energy

The apparent dissociation constants Kj(/9tO 7) which were compiled from the literature are given in Table 3.4 and they are presented together with the corresponding apparent Gibbs free energies AG =-R7 ln[Kj(/ 0 7)]. Similarly as with dissociation constants of citric acid in pnre water, differences in reported values of constants can be attributed not only to precision of experiments, but also to differences in applied speciation models, differences in mathematical form of equations used for activity coefficients and the choice of concentration scales (molar or molal). One aspect which was found to be extremely important was that earlier assumption that alkali metal cations do not form complexes with citrate anions is only partially correct. It was established that these cations form weak complexes with citrate anions and sometimes this interfering effect was even taken into account in calculation of Ki(/ 0 7) values [16, 21, 22]. 

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