Enzymes involved in reactions

Hundreds of potentially useful enzymes are available in nature. It is often worthwhile to survey enzymes for applicability in the synthesis of a specific compound, but how to find the best enzyme Enzymes have been reviewed and classified by many schemes12-41. Enzymes involved in reactions at phosphoryl groups are, unfortunately for the synthetic chemist, spread almost over all classes. Without a good knowledge of enzymology, it is not easy to find the enzyme classes of interest for a particular transformation. This review links the compound classes and enzyme classification systems in Section 13.1.1 to help overcome this barrier. 

Figure 13-1. Classes of enzymes involved in reaction at phosphorus. A and B represent enzyme types that handle phosphoric monoesters and related compounds ( 0 may be an oxygen of a hydroxyl, carboxyl, or phosphoryl group, or the nitrogen of a guanidine group. For simplicity, displacements at the y-phosphoryl groups of nucleosides triphosphates were classified with these reaction). C, D and E represent the enzymes that catalyze transformations of phosphoric diesters (displacements at a or (5 phosphorous groups of nucleoside triphosphates and transfer of pyrophosphates were classified with the reactions of phosphoric diesters).

The kinetics of soluble and immobilized enzymes. Involved In reactions of soluble and Insoluble substrates appears to be sufficiently well studied over the last 20 years that reactor design procedures based on fundamental kinetics rate equations may be executed with considerable confidence. The application of such emzyme kinetics forms to structured models of microbial metabolism has also progressed, as this book documents. 

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum contains enzymes involved in reactions of oxidation and hydroxylation of many types of molecules (alcohols, barbitiuates, antibiotics, steroid hormone synthesis and metabolism, etc.). These enzymes use cytochrome P450 and b as electron transport system and can also generate 02 and/or H2O2. 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ , , , , , , , , ]

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