Enzymatic or Chemical Digestion

II) complexes. This method was also successfully applied to chemically derivatized GAGs that cannot be depolymerized by enzymes [62]. Similarly, capillary electrophoresis (CE) can be used for digested GAGs that are then detected by ultraviolet spectroscopy or mass spectrometry. Complexation of GAGs using copper (II) ions improved the sensitivity. However, complete separation of intact GAGs was not feasible by CE and most methods still rely on enzymatic or chemical depolymerization prior to analysis [46]. 

Recent studies [19-24] have shown that the intrastrand cross-link is the major adduct formed upon incubation of (1) or (5) with purified double-stranded DNA. Exhaustive digestion of platinated DNA via enzymatic or chemical means followed by analysis revealed that platinum binding most often... 

Minimal processing of DNA Enzymatic digestion, hydrolysis, or chemical modifications are not required. 

Delivering protein and peptides by the oral route is extremely challenging. The very nature of the digestive system is designed to break down these polypeptides into amino acids prior to absorption. The techniques and formulations that have been developed to date must protect against the acidity of the stomach and the natural enzymatic processes of digestion. Once that protection is provided, the formulation or chemical modification must enhance the absorption of the polypeptide across the... 

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