Entropy Increase during Heat Exchange

Since In and In Ng are always negative, entropy increases during formation of a homogeneous mixture, even though there has not been any heat exchange. There would not be any change anywhere else since this type of mixing takes place spontaneously and on its own, and this term indeed is the entropy increase of the universe. 

Thus, entropy connected vith the exchanged heat has increased during the process. The entropy associated with any heat flow rate is not constant. Flo ving heat generates entropy the entropy generated during the flow through the bar can be calculated from Eq. (4.7) as follows ... 

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