Enhancing the Conductivity of Electrolytes

The electrical conductivity of oxides is deeply influenced by the microstructure, grain size, concentration and type of dopants, oxygen partial pressure, and temperature, etc. The following equation is generally used to express the conductivity. 

The very famous brick layer model is used to correlate the grain/grain boundary conductivity to the microstmcture of the specimen. The brick layer model assumes ceramic samples to consist of grains with high conductivity, which are separated by uniform grain boundaries. Positive space change potentials are obtained when 

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To enhance the conductivity of electrolytes in nonaqueous systems, ionic liquids were introduced to the V(acac)3 system [41]. Because of their unique properties, including high ionic conductivity, large electrochemical window, and high stability in the organic solvent, ionic liquids showed promising applications as supporting electrolytes for nonaqueous RFB systems. 

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