Energy loss evaluation

TABLE 8.3. Idea List from Energy Loss Assessment 

Improvement Ideas Services Modifications (Qualitative) Impacts 

1 Recover more heat in reaction effluent Frac feed preheating Add heat exchangers Reduce furnace duty 

2 Recover diesel product heat LP steam gen and BFW preheating Add heat exchangers Reduce steam import 

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Energy loss under low frequency conditions is often used as a key factor for evaluating elastomer compositions. In this respect, the rolling resistance and skidding properties are usually evaluated by tan delta (tan 8) at 60°C and 0°C, where the 60°C value correlates with low frequency loss and 0°C correlates with skid resistance (high frequency loss). 

FE simulations of the stress-strain properties of fiUer-reinforced elastomers are an important tool for predicting the service live performance of mbber goods. Typical examples are the evaluation of rolling resistance of tires due to hysteresis energy losses, mainly in the tire tread or the adjustment of engine mounts in automotive applications. 

Evaluation of the friction loss in valves and fittings involves the determination of the appropriate loss coefficient (Af), which in turn defines the energy loss per unit mass of fluid ... 

When injecting air in pressure mains, it must be taken into account that the volume of oxygen only amounts to about 20%. The inert N2 gas — to some extent mixed with the incoming air—will be collected at the top part of a pipe. An automatic vent system to remove this gas may be installed. The pumping performance of an air-injected pressure main can be evaluated using a model for the energy loss. 

Figure 3. Except for the latent heat of condensation released at the transparent surface, they all are forms of energy loss. Of primary significance in design and in evaluation of performance is the energy balance drawn around the distiller basin. This input is seen to be the incident solar energy minus reflection from the cover and the very small absorption in the cover. The feed water might also be considered a sensible heat supply, but it would usually be cooler than the product streams, and hence at a convenient base temperature, having zero energy input.

Table 3.12. The chemistry of tribofilm generated by multifunctional additives composed of soft-core and hard-core reverse micelles (RMs) in oil formulation. Evaluation of the surface and the wear of particles by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and High-resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), (Martin et al., 2000a Varlot et al., 1999)...

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