Encephalopathies classification

Fig. 3. Classification of human prion diseases. Sporadic the transformation from PrPc (circle) to PrPSc (square) occurs without apparent cause. Familial a point mutation ( ) is thought to facilitate the transformation. Infectious the transformation arises via PrPSc which acts as a template. The kinetic equations are defined by Eigen (1996). The infectious form includes kuru, iatrogenic CJD (iCJD), variant CJD (vCJD first reported in 1996), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE first reported in 1985), and scrapie. In the nucleation-dependent model, monomeric PrPc and PrPSc are in chemical equilibrium.

Watanabe, A. Portal-systemic encephalopathy in non-cirrhotic patients classification of clinical types, diagnosis and treatment. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2000 15 969 — 979... 

Claims that cases of encephalopathy followed by permanent brain injury or death were due to measles immunization, submitted to the US National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, have been reviewed (SED-13, 920) (18). A total of 403 claims of encephalopathy and/or seizure disorders after measles, measles-rubella, measles-mumps-rubella, mumps, or rubella immunization were identified during the period 1970-93. The medical records of these cases were reviewed by physicians in the compensation program to determine, if possible, the cause of injury and the classification of the findings. The inclusion criteria established by the compensation program were met by... 

In the case of chronic liver disease, episodic HE and persistent HE were defined and the term minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) was coined to replace the hitherto inappropriate term subclinical encephalopathy . It is expected that this new system of classification will help to dispel the confusion frequently present in current textbook definitions and to facilitate multi-centre clinical trials in HE. 

As in acute liver failure, the main symptoms of HE are alterations in consciousness, cognitive dysfunction and motor disturbances. While patients with ALE often appear irritable and restless in the very beginning, psychomotor slowing is characteristic for type C HE. The alteration of consciousness is the basis for the 4-stage grading system of hepatic encephalopathy used world wide (West Haven classification) (Atterbury et al., 1978). 

Caine, D., Halliday, G.M., Kril, J.J., and Harper, C.G. (1997). Operational criteria for the classification of chronic alcoholics identification of Wernicke s encephalopathy. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 62 51-60. 

Table 9 Relative Spongiphorm Encephalopathy Infectivity and Classification of Tissues and Body Fluids with Regard to Their Potential Risk.

Kohler, J. Schmitt, R. Somorjai, T. Udelhoven, S. Verzakov, and W. Petrich, Analyst, 129, 897-901 (2004). Classification of Signatures of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Serum Using Infrared Spectroscopy. 

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