Enamines as intermediates in isotope exchange and halogenation reactions

ENAMINES AS INTERMEDIATES IN ISOTOPE EXCHANGE AND HALOGENATION REACTIONS 

For reactions which usually involve enol or enolate intermediates, enamine formation has been postulated for primary and secondary amine catalysis in order to explain abnormally high catalytic effects and abnormal rate laws. Shilov, Yashinov and coworkers (for the last paper of the series, see Volkova 

Equilibrium constants for acetal and enol-ether formation (25 °C) 

Carbonyl formation0/ enol ether / Enol ether formation 1  

In contrast to primary amine catalysis, the enamine mechanism has been ruled out for D—H exchange in isobutyraldehyde catalysed by secondary amines. Catalytic rate constants were explained by considering only the 

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