Emissions measurement hydrogen chloride

Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) EPA Method 26 is the reference method used to measure hydrogen chloride emissions from stationaiy sources. The method is applicable for determining emissions of hydrogen halides (HX) such as hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen... 

As Table 2-1 shows, the treatment of the mustard agent (HD) resulted in stack concentrations, DRE, operating temperatures, carbon monoxide concentrations, stack particulate concentrations, and hydrogen chloride emissions that were all within required limits for all four test mns. At the time the trial bum report was prepared, no limits had been established for metals. However, the report notes that the measured concentrations were very close to the detection limits in all cases (U.S. Army, 1992). It is not clear whether the low concentrations were due to low metals content in the agent stream or to the effective removal of metals during processing. 

Perona et al. (5) have measured the hydrogen chloride infrared emission from reactions involving H and D atoms with SCl2. From the observed highest vibrational level of HCl, they estimated an upper limit to Dq (SCI-CI) of 58 kcal mol". From this result,... 

When monochlorobenzene was Irradiated in 2U ueous solution at 253.7 nm, the formation of phenol was pointed out using fluorimetric measurements ( emission at 295 nm ). The qumtitative titrations were carried out by HPLC. The formation of an equivalent quemtity of hydrogen chloride was demonstrated using potentlometrlc measurements (18). ... 

Acid rain is precipitation polluted by acidification with atmospheric pollutants. These pollutants include emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), oxides of sulfur (SOx), and hydrogen chloride radicals. Various strengths of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid result. Key indicators of acid rain include emission levels of NOx and SOx, wet sulfate deposits, and trends in acidity in lakes and other freshwater bodies. An increase in emissions that increases the level of any of these indicators will bring environmental, r atory, and potentially public and special-interest group pressures to bear on a plant. Sample measurements of these indicators on a national or provincial scale arc illustrated in Figs. A-4 to A-7. 

Flame photometry involves burning the sample in a hydrogen flame and measuring the characteristic emission of the agent used, e.g. sodium chloride. The method was developed at the Dsd, Porton Down, UK in the 1960s, and is now used extensively throughout the world it is specified in British Standards (BS) (1969) and is also specified as a routine laboratory test in the BS (1992). 

More than sixty elements can be determined by atomic-absorption or flame-emission spectroscopy, many at or below about 1 ppm [4]. Only metals and metalloids can be determined by usual flame methods, because the resonance lines for nonmetals occur in the vacuum-ultraviolet region however, a number of indirect methods for determining nonmetals have been described. For example, chloride can be determined by precipitating it with silver ion and then measuring either the excess or the reacted silver. Phosphorus (525.9 nm) and sulfur (383.7 nm) species (e.g., Sj) exhibit sharp molecular-band emission in the argon-hydrogen flame. 

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