Nitrobenzene electrostatic potential map

Compare energies for meta and para-dinitrobenzenium ions (intermediates in nitration of nitrobenzene). Is the ordering the same as those observed for intermediates in toluene and aniline nitration Examine electrostatic potential maps. What does your result suggest about the electron donor/aceptor properties of the nitro substituent ... 

Use Spartan View to examine electrostatic potential maps of the intermediate Meisenheimer complexes in the reactions of o-fluoronitrobenzene and m-iluoro- nitrobenzene with CH3O . Which atoms in each complex are most negatively charged Which reaction is more likely to occur ... 

Use Spartan View to obtain the dipole moments of aniline, nitrobenzene, and 4-nitro-aniline. Is the dipole moment of 4-nitroani ine the sum of the dipole moments of aniline and nitrobenzene Compare electrostatic potential maps and geometries for all three structures, and draw resonance structures for 4-nitroaniline that account for your observations. 

Take a minute to compare the electrostatic potential maps for anisole, benzene, and nitrobenzene. Notice that an electron-donating substituent (OCH3) makes the ring more red (more negative), whereas an electron-withdrawing substituent (NO2) makes the ring less red (less negative). 

Electrostatic potential maps of benzene (left), toluene (middle), and nitrobenzene (right). The pi electron clouds in benzene and toluene are electron-rich (red), while the pi electron cloud in nitrobenzene is electron-deficient (blue). 

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