Electrostatic potential chloromethane

FIGURE 4 2 Electro static potential maps of methanol and chloro methane The electrostatic potential is most negative near oxygen in methanol and near chlorine in chloromethane The most positive region is near the O—H proton in methanol and near the methyl group in chloromethane... 

Problem 1.8 concerned the charge distribution in methane (CH4), chloromethane (CH3CI), and methyllithium (CH3Li). Inspect molecular models of each of these compounds, and compare them with respect to how charge is distributed among the various atoms (carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and lithium). Compare their electrostatic potential maps. 

Problem 2.4 Look at the following electrostatic potential map of chloromethane, and tell the direction of polarization of the C-Cl bond ... 

Chloromethane. bond length of, 335 bond strength of, 335 dipole moment of, 335 dissociation enthalpy of, 195 electrostatic potential map of, 38, 143.335... 

Two electrostatic potential maps, one of methyllithium (CH3Li) and one of chloromethane (CH3C1) are shown. Based on their polarity patterns, which do you think is which ... 

Because the polar C-Cl bond in chloromethane has two polar ends—a positive end and a negative end—we describe it as being a bond dipole, and we often represent the dipole using an arrow with a cross at one end (+- ) to indicate the direction of electron displacement. The point of the arrow represents the negative end of the dipole (S-), and the crossed end (which looks like a plus sign) represents the positive end (<5+). This polarity is clearly visible in an electrostatic potential map (Section 7.4), which shows the electron-rich chlorine atom as red and the electron-poor remainder of the molecule as blue-green. 

Chloromethane and its electrostatic potential map (EPM). The polar C—Cl bond is seen in the EPM as an electron-rich (red) region around chlorine and an electron-poor (blue) region around carbon and the hydrogen atoms. 

Chloromethane contains a polar C-CI bond. In the electrostatic potential map on the right, the charge distribution is shown using colors ranging from red (negative) to blue (positive). Thus, the chlorine atom is electron-rich, and the carbon and hydrogen atoms are electron-poor. 

Note that Figure 2.3 shows a representation of chloromethane with what is called an electrostatic potential map (see Preface), which uses color to indicate the calculated charge distribution in the molecule. Chlorine carries a partial negative charge (red), and the carbon and hydrogen atoms carry partial positive charges (blue). We ll make use of these maps in numerous places throughout the text to draw correlations between electronic structure and chemical reactivity. 

Chloromethane contains a polar C-CI bond. In the electrostatic potential map on the right, the charge 0.2 electron excess... 

Methanol reacts with thionyl chloride (SOCI2) to give chloromethane. Use SpartanView to compare electrostatic potential maps and C-O bond distances for methanol and the intermediate formed from methanol and thionyl chloride. Why is the intermediate more reactive toward nucleophilic. substitution than methanol itself Is the -SOCI group electron-donating or electron-withdrawing Explain. 

Figure 4.2 shows the distribution of electron density in methanol and chloromethane. Both are similar in that the sites of highest electrostatic potential (red) are near the electronegative atoms—oxygen and chlorine. The polarization of the bonds... 

Chlorohydrin. See Halohydrins Chloromethane, 148. See also Methyl chloride biosynthesis of, 713 boiling point of, 132 dipole moment of, 129 electrostatic potential map, 129... 

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