Electrostatic Effectiveness as a Function of Potential

Using the metal charging boundary condition in the previously discussed formalism, an implicit relationship for Teiec can be derived, 

In the potential range well below the potential of zero charge, in which t the following approximate relation can be obtained. 

For 0 close to or above 0, Teiec 0 and the following approximate relation can be found  

It shows that Veiec and ch+ both asymptotically approach zero as 0 increases above the nominal value of the pzc. 

Equations 3.86 suggest that Teiec increases indefinitely as 0 decreases. However, at high-enough current densities, transport limitations will affect the overall 

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