Electrospinning coaxial architectures

Viry, L., Moulton, S.E., Romeo, T., Suhr, C., Mawad, D., Cook, M., and Wallace, G.G. (2012) Emulsion-coaxial electrospinning designing novel architectures for sustained release of highly soluble low molecular weight drugs. J. Mater. Chem., 22, 11347-11353. 

Each of these methods overcome the difficulties of aperture-based systems and produce electrospun fibers at a much greater rate due to the formation of multiple Taylor cones simultaneously. Thus, such systems are more amenable to scale-up for membrane fabrication. However, the lack of an aperture reduces control over the process, for example, twin-lumen or coaxial needles that can produce core-sheath fibers cannot be implemented in a bowl electrospinning setup, and the flow rate of electrospinning solution can be harder to accurately control, making the formation of more advanced fiber architectures such as beaded structures or electrosprayed micro or nanospheres difficult. 

---