Electropolymerised conducting films

Use of electropolymerised conducting films in the development of small sensing devices is found to be important because electropolymerisation allows control over the thickness and spatial location of electrode modification. These interfacing electroactive materials have inherent oxidation-reduction abilities. These materials are important for direct and rapid electron transfer at the electrode surface [73,119,161-163]. Physical and chemical properties can be modified by appropriate polarisation and doping with counter ions. 

Once deposited as conductive films, the heterocyclic polymers can be repeatedly cycled from the undoped to the doped forms (and vice versa) in electrochemical cells substantially similar to those used for the electropolymerisation reactions. 

The electrodeposition voltage is specific for any given electropolymerisation process. The polymers are obtained directly in the oxidised conducting form. Consequently, upon applied polarisation, polymerisation takes place, the p-doping of the polymer occurs and, finally, a film of the selected conductive polymer is deposited on the substrate. 

BEDT-TTE]2Br-3H2O phases, respectively. Similarly, a hybrid material based on polyaniline including 50% w/w of Cs[In(dmit)2] was recently isolated and shows a conductivity of 2.3 x 10" S This hybrid material is formed as a flexible, self-supporting film. A different method was applied by da Cruz et al. to prepare such hybrid films. Pyrrole is electropolymerised in acetonitrile using the inorganic... 

Conducting polymers such as polypyrrole [127] and its derivatives [156,157], polyaniline [158-164], polyindole [137] and poly-o-aminobenzoic acid have recently been used for the fabrication of biosensors. A few biosensors based on insulating electropolymerised films like polyphenols, poly(o-phenylenediamine), poly(dichlorophenolindophenol) and overoxidised polypyrrole have also been elaborated [165-167]. ... 

Li, H. and T.F. Guarr (1989). Formation of electronically conductive thin films of metal phthalocyanines via electropolymerisation. J. Chem. Soa, Chem. Commun. 832-834. 

Thin films of conducting polymer were set down by a process of electropolymerisation from aqueous solutions in which were dissolved the monomer (typically 0.06 molar) and a lithium salt of a suitable counter ion (generally 0.1 molar LiBF was used). A DC potential of around... 

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