Electrophoresis controlled convection

Electrophoresis with Controlled Convection. The study of how electrophoresis within controlled convection can be applied efficiently to flow systems in preparative and industrial scale separations is an area for further... 

M4 M. Mooney, Minimizing Convection Currents in Electrophoresis Measurements, in Temperature Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry p. 428, Reinhold, New York (1941)... 

For separations exceeding particle dimension, the dominating transport mechanism is forced convection applied either in a controllable way, as in the impinging-jet cells [6,7] or by stirring the particle suspension [8]. This transport mechanism is especially effective for particle size above a micrometer. Particle transfer over macroscopic distances can also be provoked by external forces like gravity, leading to sedimentation effects, and electrostatic force, leading to electrophoresis. The latter mechanism is especially effective, in comparisons with sedimentation, for submicrometer-sized particles because the rate of electrophoretic motion is independent of particle size. 

As convections are eliminated in zone electrophoresis, less attention may be paid to the control of temperature and density than in ordinary free electrophoresis. Naturally the temperature should not be allowed to rise enough to influence the mobilities perceptibly. The constancy of the current through the apparatus gives a sufficient control of such effects. The supporting medium, however, introduces a new factor, which sometimes may be of critical importance for the success of an experiment. Adsorption effects often interfere, and some media can be used only in certain limited pH ranges. 

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