Electrophoresis capillary isoelectric focussing

Subsequently four different CE modes are described in the sections Capillary Zone Electrophoresis, Capillary Gel Electrophoresis, Capillary Isoelectric Focussing, and Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC), respectively. The fundamental principles of the specific separation modes are briefly explained, using appropriate equations where required. In Table 3 all equations are listed. In addition, the influence of both instrumental parameters and electrolytic solution parameters on the optimization of separations is described. 

Keywords Capillary electrophoresis Capillary gel electrophoresis Capillary isoelectric focussing Polyelectrolytes Polystyrenesulfonates Polyvinylpyridines Polycarboxybetaines Polyampholytes... 

Hempe JM, Graver RD. Separation of hemoglobin variants with similar change by capillary isoelectric focussing value of isoelectric point for identification of common and uncommon hemoglobin variants. Electrophoresis 2000 21 738-43. 

Sugano M, Hidaka H, Yamauchi K, Nakabayashi T, Higuchic Y, Fujita K, et al. Analysis of hemoglobin and globin chain variants by a commonly used capillary isoelectric focussing method. Electrophoresis 2000 21 3016-9. 

Similarly to gel electrophoresis, a number of modes can be employed that separate analyte mixtures according to different properties. Some of these modes are summarised in Table 3.2 together with their commonly used abbreviations. Depending on the principle of separation, different species can be analysed. After an overview of capillary electrophoretic instrumentation, the different modes of capillary electrophoresis are described in more detail including capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), capillary isoelectric focussing (CIEF), micellar electro-kinetic chromatography (MEKC) and capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE). 

Elemental analysis (C,H and N), determination of gadolinium by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) have been used routinely. Additionally, gel permeation chromatography, gel and capillary electrophoresis as well as isoelectric focussing are useful tools for the characterization of Gadomer. 

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