Electronic Raman multiplet levels

At room temperature, the Raman spectra of cubic lanthanide elpasolites comprise four bands, corresponding to the Si, S2, S4 and S5 modes of vibration. On cooling, the very broad, unresolved features due to electronic transitions between CF levels of Ln3+, sharpen and reveal the locations of 4fN excited states. The first studies of the electronic Raman spectra therefore focused upon the determination of the CF levels of the lower multiplet terms... 

The ground state of Sm " in the Sm monochalcogenides is 4f ( F = 0,1,.. . , 6), with a 0.6 eV wide spin-orbit-split multiplet. Electronic Raman scattering from the different /-multiplet levels of cleaved (100) faces of semiconducting SmSe (Guntherodt et al. 1981a) is shown in fig. 2. The odd-/ levels show up for perpendicular incident ( ,) and scattered (Ej polarization vectors, where-... 

Fig. 3. Electronic Raman scattering from the /-multiplet levels of Smj Yj.Se at 80 K for sl.O for = 0.05, the La-substituted Sm jjLao ojSe is shown. The scattering configuration is the same as in fig. 2. The hatched area indicates the electronic scattering from the J-0-> 1 excitation. Phonon scattering is seen below 200 cm ...

Transitions between crystal-field-split f-electron multiplet levels of various trivalent lanthanide ions (R) have also been observed by Raman scattering in the insulating phase of high-Tc cuprates (Heyen et al. 1991, Ruf et al. 1992, Dufour et al. 1995, Sanjuijo et al. 1995, Jandl et al. 1995, Cardona 1999), particularly those containing Nd " ... 

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