Electronic Conductivity and Cell Voltage

Pure and doped ceria are mixed ionic and electronic conductors under reducing atmospheres, due to considerable p-type electronic conductivity under reducing conditions. The electronic conduction is due to the reduction of Cc4 to Ce3+ under 

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Materials Properties and Performance 

FIGURE 1.37 The Arrhenius plot of Ce08Sm0i2Oli9 from different methods (A) solid-state reaction [95] (B) sol-gel process [116] (C) oxalate coprecipitation [91] (D) carbonate coprecipitation, our work and (E) glycine-nitrate process [157]. 

In pure ceria, taking the electroneutrality condition into consideration and using the reasonable approximation  

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