Electron hydration

At electrode potentials more negative than approximately - 2.8 V (SHE), free solvated electrons appear in the solution as a result of (dark) emission from the metal. At this potential the electrochemical potential of the electrons according to Eq. (29.6) is about —1.6 eV, which is at once the energy of electron hydration in electron transfer from vacuum into an aqueous phase. 

Debierne (1914) was the first to suggest a radical reaction theory for water radiolysis (H and OH). In various forms, the idea has been regenerated by Risse (1929), Weiss (1944), Burton (1947, 1950), Allen (1948), and others. Platzman (1953), however, criticized the radical model on theoretical grounds and proposed the formation of the hydrated electron. Stein (1952a, b) meanwhile had suggested that both electrons and H atoms may coexist in radiolyzed water and proposed a model in which the electron digs its own hole. Later, Weiss (1953, 1960) also favored electron hydration with ideas similar to those of Stein and Platzman. In some respects, the theoretical basis of these ideas is attributable to the polaron (Landau, 1933 Platzman and... 

Keszei, E., Murphrey, T. H. and Rossky, P. J. Electron hydration dynamics simulation results compared to pump and probe experiments, J.Phys.Chem., 99 (1995), 22-28... 

Pommeret, S., Antonetti, A. and Gauduel, Y. Electron hydration in pure liquid water. Existence of two nonequilibrium configuration in the near-IR region, JAm.Chem.Soc., 113 (1991). 9105-9111... 

The value of ArG of —267.2 kJ mol-1 for the hydrated electron/ hydrated proton reaction converts into a reduction potential of 267.2/ 96.485= +2.77 V on the conventional scale and indicates that the hydrated electron is approximately equal to sodium in its reducing power ... 

The reasons for the divergent effects of surface charge on TMB and ZnTPP photoionization yields in vesicular suspensions are unknown. Experimentally determined photoionization yields are complex quantities, which include as elementary processes primary ionization cross-section terms, dry electron escape probabilities, relatively complex electron hydration processes and recombination of various hy-... 

Electrons, hydrated 1098 Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, in measurement of antioxidant efficiency 855, 856... 

Within the time scale of the electron hydration process, the primary water molecular cation (H20 ) reacts with surrounding water molecules (ion-molecule reaction, equation 5). This ultrafast proton transfer is faster than a second electron stabilization channel for which a concerted electron-proton transfer is under consideration (equation 7) (56, 72, 73). 

Keywords Electrogenerated chemiluminescence Galvanoluminescence Hot electron Hydrated electron Hydroxyl radical Labels Lanthanoids Rare earths Sulfate radical Valve metals... 

Electron hydration is quite an interesting and important issne and many experimental and theoretical studies have already been devoted to the issue. [93, 123, 154, 166, 167, 199, 209, 341, 374, 382] It is a prototjqie of solution-phase chemistry in polar solvent. Also, the dynamics are expected to provide an important insight into charge-transfer chemistry. 

H. Tachikawa,/. Chem. Phys., 125, 144307, 1-8 (2006). Electron Hydration Dynamics in Water Clusters A Direct ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Approach. 

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