Writing Electron Configurations

What is wrong with the following ground state electronic configurations Write the correct configuration for each species. 

SAMPLE PROBLEM 8.6 Writing Electron Configurations of Main-Group Ions Problem Using condensed electron configurations, write reactions for the formation of the common ions of the following elements ... 

EXAMPLE 8.1 Electron Configurations Write electron configurations for each element. (a) Mg (b) P (c) Br (d) A1 SOLUTION ... 

The normalisation factor is assumed. It is often convenient to indicate the spin of each electron in the determinant this is done by writing a bar when the spin part is P (spin down) a function without a bar indicates an a spin (spin up). Thus, the following are all commonly used ways to write the Slater determinantal wavefunction for the beryllium atom (which has the electronic configuration ls 2s ) ... 

Example The electron configuration for Be is Is lsfi but we write [He]2s where [He] is equivalent to all the electron orbitals in the helium atom. The Letters, s, p, d, and f designate the shape of the orbitals and the superscript gives the number of electrons in that orbital. 

A hydrogen atom (Z = 1) has one electron a helium atom (Z = 2) has two The single electron of hydrogen occupies a Is orbital as do the two electrons of helium We write their electron configurations as... 

The molecular orbital approach to chemical bonding rests on the notion that as elec trons m atoms occupy atomic orbitals electrons m molecules occupy molecular orbitals Just as our first task m writing the electron configuration of an atom is to identify the atomic orbitals that are available to it so too must we first describe the orbitals avail able to a molecule In the molecular orbital method this is done by representing molec ular orbitals as combinations of atomic orbitals the linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital (LCAO MO) method... 

Referring to the periodic table as needed, write electron configurations for all the elements in the third period. 

When assigning electrons to MOs, the same rules apply as for writing electron configurations of atoms. Electrons fill the MOs in order of increasing orbital energy, and the... 

You are probably used to this idea from descriptive chemistry, where we build up the configurations for many-electron atoms in terms of atomic wavefunctions, and where we would write an electronic configuration for Ne as... 

We would normally write the electronic ground state electron configuration of a carbon atom as ls-2s 2p-. Despite the intellectual activity that has gone into defining mythical valence states for carbon atoms in different bonding situations, no one would include a d-orbital in the description of ground state carbon. 

Strategy Start with the electron configuration, obtained as in Section 6.5. Then write the orbital diagram, recalling the number of orbitals per sublevel, putting two electrons of opposed spin in each orbital within a completed sublevel, and applying Hund s rule where sublevels are partially filled. 

Write electron configurations, full or abbreviated, for atoms or ions. 

Write the abbreviated ground state electron configuration for... 

Write the symbol and the abbreviated electron configuration of the element described. 

How many valence electrons has carbon Silicon Phosphorus Hydrogen Write the electron configurations for neutral atoms of each element. 

Write out the electron configuration of sodium, magnesium, and aluminum and find the ionization energies for all their valence electrons (Table 20-IV, p. 374). Account for the trend in the heats of vaporization and boiling points (Table 20-1) of these elements. Compare your discussion with that given in Section 17-1.3. 

Write the ground-state electron configuration for an element (Toolbox 1.1 and Example 1.10). 

The elements Ga, Ge, As, Se, and Br lie in the same period in the periodic table. Write the electron configuration expected lor the ground-state atoms of these elements and predict how many unpaired electrons, if any, each atom has. 

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