Electron affinities of elements

Table 4.4 Electron Affinities of Elements, Molecules, and Radicals...

The destabilization of the 6d orbitals at the end of the transactinide series is also the reason for the 6d electrons to be chemically active. As a consequence, an increase in the stability of the highest oxidation states can be expected, e.g. of the 3+ and 5+ states of element 111. The 1+ oxidation state was predicted to be very unstable [12], Due to a relatively high electron affinity of element 111, 1- oxidation state can then be stable with appropriate ligands. 

The electron affinities of elements (Chap, 7) that form negative ions may be calculated by considering the formations of compounds containing such negative ions. The formation of such a compound from the elements (the heat of such a reaction being directly measurable) may be broken down into a series of simpler steps. The treatment is again called a Born-Haber cycle and is analogous to the treatment of the conversion of an alkali metal to its hydrated ion (discussed in Chap. 6). Consider the formation of sodium chloride from the elements ... 

Figure 1.4 Ionization Energy of Elements vs Atomic Number. Figure 1.5 Electron Affinity of Elements vs Atomic Number.

EA = electron affinity of element or molecule (eV) k = Boltzmann s constant (eV/K)... 

Explain the trend in electron affinities of elements in the second row (Na to Cl) of the periodic table. 

Sample Problem 7.5 lets you practice using the periodic table to compare the electron affinities of elements. 

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