Electrode potential and ion energy levels in electrodes

we consider metal ion M in a metal electrode. In the same way as we considered the electron level, the ionic energy level is represented by the real potential aM ii /v) of metal ion in the electrode as shown in Eqn. 4-17 and Fig. 4-15  

From Eqns. 4-13 and 4-17, hence, we obtain the relationship between the electrode potential, E, and the real potential,, of metal ion in the electrode 

The electrode potential can be defined not only by the energy level of electrons (the real potential ofelectrons)butalsoby theener gy/eue/oftons (the real potential of ions) in the electrode. The former maybe called the electronic electrode potenticd and the latter may be called the ionic electrode potential [Sato, 1995]. For instance, the electrode potential of a metal electrode can be defined in terms of the metal ion level (the real potential of metal ions), aM-ai/s/v), in the electrode as 

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