Electrode double layer perpendicular fields

Under the premise that / should be the same for Pa and Py at the positively charged electrode q ), ion pairs are formed and AGe of DNA (z = -1) enhances AG, and hence B. Conversely, for qo, repulsion of the polyanion occurs and AG, will be diminished for the phosphate backbone. However, within the distance k = 0.3-1 nm, the counterion condensation on the attached side of DNA segments is influenced asymmetrically by q and by the gradient of the electric field > 10 V cm in the double layer. This field polarizes kinked helical parts perpendicular to the surface, on the one... 

An electric dipole Jt in an external electric field E acquires an energy -Ji-E. We take the z-axis as perpendicular to the electrode surface and assume that E is the only nonvanishing component in the electric double layer this implies that the external field is not greatly disturbed by the presence of monoatomic steps and migrating atoms. We therefore need to consider only the z components of the dipole moment. If for a given process the dipole moment in the activated state differs from the moment fio in the initial state, the energy of activation is modified by the presence of the field, and the rate can be written as follows ... 

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