Electroconductivity total

Fig. 4 presents temperature dependences of the total specific resistance of some electrolytes based on cerium oxide. It is seen that the total electroconductivity of the ceramic under study is comparable with best conductivity values, which were obtained earlier for fiat samples prepared by magnetic pulse compaction (curves 6-7 in Fig. 4). Only the ceramic of the formula CeioGd, which was synthesized by Steele, had better characteristics (3, Fig. 4). His ceramic usually had a negligibly small resistance of grain boundaries.

It is commonly assumed that the main reason for the decrease in the total electroconductivity of ceramics is grain boundaries and impurities, primarily Si, localized at boundaries. Notice that although the share of grain boundaries in the material, which was synthesized from nanopowders, was very large, their contribution to the decrease in the total electroconductivity of the ceramic was insignificant. 

The bulk electroconductivity of the electrolyte grains in our material was higher than in other electrolytes (Fig. 5). Steele s data were plotted assuming a zero contribution of grain boundaries to the total resistance of the ceramic. 

For a parallel plate microchannel, the channel width, 21V, is considered to be much larger than the channel height. In general, the surface conductivity, Xs, is unknown. The channel dimensions can be measured using a microscope and the bulk liquid conductivity can be measured using an electroconductivity meter, which can be treated known. Ex is the applied electrical field strength and is known. The total electrical current, /total, can be obtained using a data acquisition system. Therefore, the surface conductivity, Xs, is the only unknown value in Eq. (28) and can be solved such that ... 

---