Electrochromic devices ECDs

Flexible electrochromic devices (ECDs) are becoming increasing important for their promising applications in many areas, such as the portable and wearable electronic devices, including smart windows, functional supercapacitors, and flexible displays. Typically, an ECD consists of four parts of substrate, conductive electrode, electrochromic material, and electrolyte. Enormous efforts have been made to improve the flexibility of ECDs including utilizing flexible polymer substrates and conductive materials. 

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) consist of a two-electrode electrochemical cell. They include an ion-conducting liquid or solid electfolyte medium sandwiched between two electrode surfaces coated with organic or inorganic electrochromic materials, chosen for their electrical and optical properties. Their purpose is the generation of a variable-color system that can be changed in a controllable fashion for potential applications as displays, smart windows or in other technologies. 

Fig. 1. Schematic design of an electrochromic device (ECD), suitable for a transmissive light-modulation application. In this case, a secondary electrochromic polymer is shown, the color change of which would need to be complementary to that of the primary electrochromic polymer.

Abstract The main methodologies for the synthesis of fused thiophenes (thienothiophenes, dithienothiophenes, and thienoacenes) and some of their oligomers and polymers are described. Such compounds are particularly important in materials chemistry. They have applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), (dye-sensitized) solar cells, and electrochromic devices (ECDs). 

Abstract The interest in sol-gel derived polymer/siloxane hybrid electrolytes has grown considerably during the last decade because of their potential application in sohd state electrochemical devices, in particular batteries and electrochromic devices (ECDs).This review intends to provide an overview of the latest advances in the investigation of the structure, morphology, thermal properties, electrochemical behavior and spectroscopic features of Li -coutaiuiug di-urea crosslinked polyoxyethylene (POE)/siloxane (di-ureasil) electrolytes. Applications of these materials in ECDs will be addressed. 

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