Electrochemical techniques, anodic capacitance

The electroactive labels most used in genosensing design are ferrocene and its derivates [24-27] (the reversible oxidation process of ferrocene can be detected by means of several electrochemical techniques), osmium complexes [28], platinum complexes [29], gold complexes [30, 31], and metallic [32-36] or semiconductor nanoparticles [37]. Among the last ones, gold nanoparticles are the most used, their detection can be carried out by means of the measurement of resistance or capacitance changes, usually after an amplification procedure with silver, or by means of the anodic stripping voltammetry of Au(lll) obtained after the nanoparticle oxidation Fig. 9.3. 

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