Electrochemical Fabrication of Soft Matters in Nanoscale Using Templates

4 Electrochemical Fabrication of Soft Matters in Nanoscale Using Templates 

PANI rechargeable batteries [183], Nanotubes and nanowires of conducting polymers, including PANI, polypyrrole (PPy], and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene] (PEDOT], can be synthesized by electrochemical methods using the AAO templates [184], 

By changing the doping level, dopant, and template-dissolving solvents, the electrical and optical properties of the nanotubes and nanowires can be controlled. The diameters of the conducting polymer nanotubes and nanowires are in the range 100-200 nm, depending on the diameter of the nanoporous template used, it was found that the polymerization was initiated from the wall-side of the AAO template. The synthesized nanotubes have an open end at the top with the filled end at the bottom. As polymerization time increases, the nanotubes will be filled and nanowires will be formed with the length increased. For example, 

PPy nanotubes and nanowires can be also electrochemically synthesized through nanoporous AAO template in ionic liquids 

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