Electric charge topological quantization

VIII. Topological Quantization of Electric and Magnetic Charges... 

Example 1 above is considered in Section VIII to illustrate the topological quantization of the electric charge, which is one feature of the topological model. 

VIII. TOPOLOGICAL QUANTIZATION OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC CHARGES... 

This shows why the topological model embodies a topological quantization of the charge, because it entails the automatic verification of the equation (159). This mechanism for the quantization of the charge was first shown in Ref. 33 and developed later in Refs. 26,34, and 35. As the magnetic field is B = — fa (27u )-1(1 + level curves of < ) and 0, respectively. 

In the previous section, it was shown that the constant a must be equal to [hc in order to obtain the right quantization of the electromagnetic helicity. This implies that the topological model predicts that the fundamental charge, either electric or magnetic, has the value... 

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