Effects of Defect-Acceptor Interactions

Oxygen vacancies are often found to be effectively associated to acceptor dopants according to the following equilibrium  

Eventually, at sufficiently low temperatures, protons will themselves tend to be trapped by acceptors according to this equation  

All in all, it seems that there are effects of dopants, but trapping in associates such as those described by Eq. (11.11) are hardly evidenced experimentally in conductivity measurements so far. 

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