Educational constructivism, theory

Constructivism is linked to the philosophical-epistemological theory of (scientific) relativism or empiricism, which is in contrast to another theory, that of (scientific) realism or objectivism or positivism. Realists believe logical analysis applied to objective observations can be used to discover the truth about the world we live in. Relativists accept the existence of a real world, but question whether this world is knowable . They note that observations, and the choice of observations to be made, are influenced by the beliefs, theories, hypotheses, and background of the individual who makes them (6). Realism and empiricism must be considered as two extremes on a continuum. It is certain that in its early years (surely until, say, the beginning of the twentieth century), science was closer to relativism, but as time passed, we came closer to a realist state. Note that are there are those who argue that philosophical and educational constructivisms are intertwined (15, 16), and those who are against (IT) and critical (18) of the way these philosophical theories are linked to education theories. 

Bretz, S. L. (2001). Novak s theory of education Human constructivism and meaningful learning. Journal of Chemical Education, 78, 1107. 

Bodner, G. M. (1986). Constructivism A theory of knowledge. Journal of Chemical Education, 63, 873-878. 

Bodner, GM (1986) Constructivism A Theory of Knowledge. J Chem Educ 63 873-878. 

Taber, K. S. (2011). Constructivism as educational theory Contingency in learning, and optimally guided instruction. Educational theory. New York Nova. 

From the theory of social constructivism we know that chemistry education should apply methods fostering student activity and make learning a cooperative experience. Cooperative learning is an advanced mode of learning in groups. Lazarowitz and Hertz-Lazarowitz (1998, p. 449) describe the difference ... 

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