Echocardiography and Timing Assessment

Infection of intracardiac devices is a severe condition associated with high mortality rates, and CIED-asso-ciated infections are the strongest indications for complete system removal. Theoretically, local device 

In another form of IE, blood culture and echocardiography are the cornerstone of diagnosis. 

Fig 7 7 Diagnostic strategy in suspected cardiac-device-related infective endocarditis (CDRIE). CT, computed tomography ICE, intracardiac echocardiography IE, infective endocarditis TEE, tran-soesophageal echocardiography, TTE, transthoracic echocardiography 

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